Coffee machines. A look into history
Centuries passed, and the popularity of coffee only increased. It was successfully brewed in the royal chambers, khan's palaces and in the neighborhoods of the poor. To prepare an invigorating drink, masters successfully used:
• openwork French coffee pots;
• Turkish cezves;
• ordinary metal buckets.
Despite the huge variety of recipes, the essence of the process remained the same - cooking took place over an open fire or heated sand. The modern history of creation is as follows.
An excerpt characterizing the Coffee Maker
Everything that was done during this time around her and with her, all this attention paid to her by so many smart people and expressed in such pleasant, sophisticated forms, and the dovelike purity in which she was now (she wore white dresses with white ribbons) - all this gave her pleasure; but because of this pleasure she did not miss her goal for a minute. And as it always happens that in the matter of cunning a stupid person deceives smarter ones, she, realizing that the purpose of all these words and troubles was mainly to convert her to Catholicism, to take money from her in favor of Jesuit institutions {what does she mean? made hints), Helen, before giving money, insisted that those various operations be performed on her that would free her from her husband. In her concepts, the meaning of any religion consisted only in observing certain decency while satisfying human desires. And for this purpose, in one of her conversations with her confessor, she urgently demanded from him an answer to the question of the extent to which her marriage binds her. They were sitting in the living room by the window. It was twilight. The smell of flowers came from the window. Helen was wearing a white dress that was see-through on her shoulders and chest. The abbot, well-fed, and with a plump, smoothly shaved beard, a pleasant strong mouth and white hands folded meekly on his knees, sat close to Helen and with a thin smile on his lips, peacefully - with a gaze admiring her beauty, he occasionally looked at her face and expressed his gaze to the question that was on their mind. Helen smiled restlessly, looked at his curly hair, smoothly shaved, blackening full cheeks, and every minute waited for a new turn in the conversation. But the abbot, although apparently enjoying the beauty and intimacy of his interlocutor, was carried away by the skill of his craft. The line of reasoning of the leader of conscience was as follows. In ignorance of the significance of what you were doing, you took a vow of marital fidelity to a man who, on his part, by entering into marriage and not believing in the religious significance of marriage, committed blasphemy. This marriage did not have the double meaning that it should have. But despite this, your vow bound you. You stepped away from him. What did you accomplish with this? Peche veniel or peche mortel? [A venial sin or a mortal sin?] Peche veniel, because you committed the act without bad intent. If you now, with the goal of having children, entered into a new marriage, then your sin could be forgiven. But the question again splits into two: first... “But I think,” said the suddenly bored Helen with her charming smile, “that I, having entered the true religion, cannot be bound by what the false religion has imposed on me.” The Directeur de conscience [Guardian of Conscience] was amazed at this Columbus egg placed before him with such simplicity. He was delighted with the unexpected speed of his student’s success, but could not abandon the edifice of arguments he had built with mental labor. “Entendons nous, comtesse, [Let’s look into the matter, Countess," he said with a smile and began to refute the reasoning of his spiritual daughter. Helen understood that the matter was very simple and easy from a spiritual point of view, but that her leaders made difficulties only because they feared how the secular authorities would look at this matter. And as a result, Helen decided that it was necessary to prepare this matter in society. She aroused the jealousy of the old nobleman and told him the same thing as the first seeker, that is, she posed the question in such a way that the only means of obtaining rights to her was to marry her. The old important personage was at first just as amazed by this proposal to marry from a living husband as was the first young person; but Helen’s unshakable confidence that it was as simple and natural as a girl getting married had an effect on him too. If even the slightest signs of hesitation, shame or secrecy had been noticeable in Helen herself, then her case would undoubtedly have been lost; but not only were these signs of secrecy and shame absent, but, on the contrary, she, with simplicity and good-natured naivety, told her close friends (and this was all of Petersburg) that both the prince and the nobleman had proposed to her and that she loved both and was afraid of upsetting him and another.
The first coffee machine in the world
The laurels of the first inventor of a similar coffee machine belong to Louis-Bernard Babot. The Frenchman realized that the fastest way to brew the drink was when a steam-water mixture passed through a portion of ground coffee. Both the speed of its preparation and volumes increased. However, the inventor was unable to create a fully functional device suitable for commercial use.
Another representative of France, Edward Loisel de Santé, had to work on improving this development. The appearance of the original steam coffee maker, called the “Leusel hydrostatic vase,” dates back to 1843. Her debut appearance occurred in 1855. The main advantage of this device was its decent productivity - 2000 cups of drink per hour. The design had many shortcomings. This is about:
• increased sizes;
• constant burning of coffee beans;
• insufficient pressure in the apparatus (no more than 1.5÷2 atm.).
An attempt to forcibly increase the pressure ended in an explosion.
The next step towards modernizing the coffee machine was taken by representatives of Italy. After decades of fruitless experiments, Luigi Bezzera managed to obtain a patent for the modernized device. Its key difference from its French predecessor was the principle of operation. The effect of steam and water on the coffee mixture was combined, and increased pressure in the container was created due to the action of a directed steam jet.
The most important advantages of this invention should be considered:
• accelerated cooking (the process lasted a few seconds);
• the strength of the drink and its excellent aroma.
The espresso culture owes to Luigi Bezzera and another innovation - the use of a coffee machine to froth milk.
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When did the first coffee machine appear?
The serial production of devices was started by another Italian - Desidero Pavoni. The entrepreneur, who was interested in commercial success, managed to found a whole). The first device to come off the assembly line was equipped, in addition to traditional components:
• piston pump;
• valve for releasing steam and spilling water.
Coffee lovers should also be grateful to Pavoni for the “correct” espresso recipe. Empirically, the inventor found that to obtain an excellent drink, constant pressure (9 Bar) is required, as well as maintaining a certain temperature (86÷92 ºC).
The technology for creating espresso developed rapidly throughout the first half of the last century. At that moment the world saw the models:
"Rancilio La Regina" (1927)
The coffee machine, created by Roberto Rancilio, quickly came into use in numerous cafes. The operating principle underlying the functioning of this apparatus was completely borrowed from Pavoni’s invention. This device was distinguished by its elegant Belle-Epoque design, which was appreciated by restaurateurs and their clients.
"Illetta" (1935)
Francesco Illy should be proud of the creation of this model. His invention was equipped with a water spill function and for a long time established the recipe for the best Italian espresso, when 40 ml of water contains 7 g of ground coffee. This device differed from earlier devices in that water pressure, rather than steam, was supplied through the mass of ground coffee.
Despite obvious progress, equipment for commercial coffee preparation remained extremely bulky, difficult to maintain, and therefore too expensive. Only the owners of the most expensive restaurants could afford its constant operation. It should be noted that the barista serving the machine required not only skill, but also considerable physical strength. Therefore, women were not involved in the operation of this equipment.
Coffee machine by Achil Gaggia (1945)
The key feature of this new product was a special “spring-loaded” lever. Thanks to the action of this detail, the surface of high-quality espresso is decorated with its business card - the signature golden foam.
Types of coffee makers
There are 5 main types of partially automated coffee makers on sale:
- Drip
- Carob (espresso)
- Geyser
- Capsule
- pods
Geyser coffee maker
The coffee maker consists of a lower container for water, a coffee filter and an upper part for collecting the finished drink. Cold water is poured into the lower container, a filter with ground coffee is placed on top and, finally, the upper container is secured. Typically, the top and bottom of the coffee maker are held together with a threaded fastener. The water in the lower container is heated to a boil and rises to the upper container, passing through the filter with coffee.
Turkish coffee maker
Automates the process of making coffee in a Turk (see cezve). Coffee, sugar and spices are poured into a non-stick cup. Water is added. The coffee maker heats the pot from below. On top of the Turk there are temperature and volume sensors. In accordance with the rules for preparing Turkish coffee, it is necessary to bring the coffee almost to a boil and remove it from the sand; the volume sensor does not allow the coffee to “escape.”
Capsule coffee maker
A capsule coffee maker uses coffee capsules to prepare coffee, which are loaded into the body of the coffee maker. To prepare coffee, the capsule is pierced and hot water under pressure (from 15 to 19 bar) passes through the coffee poured into it. The advantage of capsule machines is the speed and convenience of making coffee.
Drip coffee maker
Unlike its “brothers,” this coffee maker does not create special hot water pressure. The water in such a coffee maker passes through a boiling tube, where part of it is formed into steam. Next, this steam, according to Archimedes' law, rushes up the boiling pipe (it goes vertically upward), while carrying with it small portions of water, which is then poured into a container with ground coffee, soaked in it and flows into a container for collecting the coffee drink brewed in this way.
Espresso coffee maker
This coffee maker can make espresso and cappuccino. Espresso coffee makers brew the drink using steam generated from water poured into a special vessel. Once the desired level is reached, the steam passes through the coffee, thereby producing a delicious drink.
Further history of the coffee machine
The continued evolution of lever coffee machines has led to the emergence of automatic and semi-automatic models. To create the required pressure, they were equipped with a special electric pump. The first device of this type began to be produced by the Italian manufacturer Faema. From this point on, the improvement of coffee making machines practically ceased.
Both professional restaurateurs and an army of coffee lovers are completely satisfied with the quality of the brewed espresso. Although the range of devices is constantly being replenished with more and more advanced models, changes occur only in their design and a slight expansion of functionality (for example, the appearance of a cappuccino maker).
Expert advice on choosing a coffee machine
4717
12.03.2020 10:37
Coffee has become so firmly established in our daily diet that it has long become a daily ritual. True coffee lovers do not limit themselves to consuming the aromatic drink in the morning, drinking several cups per day.
Of course, every coffee lover knows the intricacies of preparing it in a Turk or French press. For adherents of process automation, a coffee machine will help prepare coffee, the characteristics of which will be discussed in this article.
We recommend looking at the rating of the best coffee machines with cappuccino maker https://tehnoexpert.top/reyting-kofemashin-dlya-doma-s-kapuchinatorom. The article selects the best devices according to buyers. There are pros and cons for each device.
